Approaches to Management

appealES TO MANAGEMENT Dr. M. Thenmozhi Professor Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of engineering Madras Chennai 600 036 E-mail emailprotected ac. in ascendES TO MANAGEMENT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Empirical orgasm Human deportment sexual climax Social System Approach last Theory Approach Mathematical Approach Socio-Technical Systems Approach Systems Approach Contingency Approach functional Approach REASONS & PROBLEMS 1) Semantic problems in focus literature. 2) Contributions from different disciplines. 3) Misunderstanding of principles. trial-and-error sexual climax Study of managerial experiences and cases(mgt) Contributors Earnest Dale, Mooney & Reiley, urwick. Features Study of managerial Experiences Managerial experience passed from participationer to students for continuity in knowledge heed. Study of Successful & tribulation cases help practicising managers. Theoretical research combined with practical experiences. Uses Learning by exper ience of others Limitations No Contribution for the development of focal point as a discipline Situations of past not the analogous as present. HUMAN doings APPROACH musical arrangement as people ) Interpersonal doings Approach Individual Psychology b) Group Behaviour Approach Organisation Behaviour Features Draws heavily from psychology & sociology. Understand human relations.Emphasis on greater productivity through motivation & good human relations Motivation, leadership, participative management & sort out dynamics atomic number 18 core of this approach. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR APPROACH Contd.. Uses Demonstrates how management can be effective by applying knowledge of organisation behaviour. Contributors Maslow, Herzberg, Vroom, Mc Cleland, Argyris, Likert, Lewin, Mc Gregor, etcetera Limitations Treating management as equivalent to human behaviour. dialog about organisation & organisation behaviour in vague terms. brotherly SYSTEM APPROACH Understanding th e behaviour of groups & individuals. Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Social System, a clay of cultural relationship Relationship exist between external and inherent environment of the organisation. Formal Organisation Cultural relationships of social groups playacting at bottom the organisation. Co-operation necessary Efforts directed harmony between goals of organisation & goals of groups.SOCIAL SYSTEM APPROACH Contd Contributors Pareto, Chester Barnard Uses Organisational ends should not be based on desires of one group totally but should reflect the interests of all the parties. Limitations Broader than management & its practice Overlooks many management concepts principles & techniques that are important to practising managers. DECISION THEORY APPROACH Manager Decision maker Organisation Decision making unit. Features Management is decision making. Members of Organisation decision makers and problem solvers. Decision making control point in management Increasing efficiency the quality of decision MIS, process & techniques of decision making are the subject matter of study. DECISION THEORY APPROACH Contributors Simon, Cyert, Forrester, etc. Uses Tools for making suitable decisions in organisations. Limitation Does not ca-ca the total view of management Decision making one survey of management MATHEMATICAL APPROACH Management- logical entity Actions- Mathematical symbols, Relationships and measurable data. Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. chore Solving mechanism with the help of numeral tools and techniques.Problems Expressed in mathematical symbols. Variables in management quantified. Scope Decision making, system analysis & around aspect of human behaviour. Tools Operations research ,simulation etc. MATHEMATICAL APPROACH Cont.. Contributors Newman, Russell Ackoff, Charles Hitch, etc. Uses Provided Exactness in management discipline. Limitations Not a disrupt school Technique in decision making. SOCIO -TECHNICAL SYSTEMS APPROACH Features Social & technicals systems interact. This fundamental interaction is important for organisational effectiveness. Organisation governed by social laws as well as psychological forces. Technical aspects of organisation modified by the social aspects. Contributors Trist, Bamforth, Emery etc. Uses Organisational effectiveness depends on looking at people and their interactions and also at the technical environment in which they operate. transmute in technology Change in social interactions at work place SOCIO -TECHNICAL SYSTEMS APPROACH Limitations drop of total managerial view Concentrate on factory or other production system No new contribution nation aware about the role of technology of the social system of the work placeSYSTEMS APPROACH An enterprise Man-Made system Internal parts come across established goals External parts Achieve interplay with its environment Manager integrates his useable facilities with goal achievement. Uses Qui ck Perception Better Planning Limitations Complicated big-ticket(prenominal) CONTIGENCY SCHOOL In developing management concepts the environment within which the concepts are to be applied has to be considered. Internal environment Structure, Processess, Technology. External surroundings Social, Economic, Political etc. Features Appropriateness of a management technique depends on situation. If Then approach. OPERATIONAL APPROACH Management is a process. Universalist / Classist / tralatitious Approach. This school concentrates on the role and functions of managers and distills the principles to be followed by them. Features Functions of managers remain same Functions of management core of good management Framework of management Principles of management Contributors Fayol, Lyndall Urwick ,Harold Koontz, Newman, Mc Farland, Taylor. Uses Flexible & practical but not universal.