Key Elements Of Information System Information Technology Essay

describe Elements Of tuition nerve of rules entropy Technology EssayThe task has been assigned to me by my college which is the ABP awarding body certification requirement. I get completed the assignment after a thorough study of various sources such as books, journals and websites.OBJECTIVES recognize the concept of cultivation Based scheme in organization.Describe how Information governing body works in organization.Describe the various types of Information outlines by wind of support.Identify the major Informational Systems that support each judicatureal train.Literature Review1) InformationAny raw entropy that is organized and verified to be accurate and incident every(prenominal)y for any purpose and presented within a context that gave it meaning and relevance and it leads to increase in understanding and decrease uncertainty.1.1) Information SystemWhen commonwealth employ instruction or organizations by using technologies gather, process, store, drop and di sseminate reading uses.Information System (IS) is a system that gave the information necessary for managers and charge to exam an organization effectively. IS and the information it gives are essential comp unmatchednts of reasonable business organisation decisions.Information industries assist in providing growth in most economies of business.Every organization achieved it conquest on the bases of thither information system.Due to change in applied science and globalization of markets many industries are now trying to develop and improve thither information system because they emphasizes on there information.Information system is not just a computer system but information and converse technology play a vital role in helping the organization to fulfill it take aims.Information system refers to the system of people, info and activities both computer-based and manual that effectively gathers, process store and disseminate organization information.It is important to maintain the information system in organization and adopt new approaches for improvement in the development, use and reviews of IS system with in the organization essential be an ongoing process of both bank management and OCC examiners. Every IS have clearly defined good example of guide landmarks, procedures policies and standards for different organizations. It should be fallowed by any organization for the development of its system and in addition to maintain and use all information where it necessary.Information System is apply and viewed by all oversight Levels.It helps the organization and supports them in extensive term strategic goals and objectives.It helps in financial accounting systems that are employ to kept up(p) pick up on all financial temper advanceing activities.Every organization should designed there Information System to achieve the following goals.Improve conversation among employees.Deliver all complex and important material through out the institution.Pro vide a system for recording and touch on information.Reduce all expanses related to to labor, material and other activities.Help in achieving organization strategic goals and objective and providedirection.Organizationa) Customersb) Retailersc) EmployersTechnologyWebsitesInternetsCollaborative castning softwares prudencea) Develop growthb) Strategyc) Monitor servicesd) Level and costInformation Systema) Customize Productsb) Interact with customerc) Exchange ideas and reportsd) Coordinate product with salesBusiness SolutionsIncrease customer servicesIncrease revenuesReduce costBusiness ChallengesMature IndustryInefficient ProcessInformation System provides help and facts for decision making which support and improves overall decision making process.Information System to a fault improves job performance through out the organization. It also provides help to all level of management. It gives the data and information and helps the management in making strategic decisions. It helps t he organization in all activities to monitor, control and distributes information to all employees, customers.Effective Information system gives up-to-date presentation formats and time frames required by all management levels. Information System whoremonger be maintained manual or automated or both combine.Effective deliveries of an organization products and services are supported by Information system.These systems be accessible and used at all level of management and organization.Information System is also helpful in over all risk management strategy.Information system also help the organization to keep control, measure, monitor, recognize and manages all the activates, risk and Limits.Risk Management has four key elements.Policies or practices.Operational ProcessesStaff Management. break away back Devices.Information system should be both operating(a) and informational. So that management cannister use it to measure performance, manage resources and help organization with reg ulatory requirements.Information system also used to provide effective risk control which helps to maintain proper management and minimize risk through the organization. it also help the organization to make new policies help in practicing these policies provide up to date information in all operational process also help in making assignments duties and responsibilities for staff and managers. entropy used in organization come from many finical records and transaction systemsand proper control procedures must be setup to help in gathering relevant data and also help in correction of data.Information system organized and the data is gathered from different equipments i.e mainframes, microcomputer, minicomputer. bear upon control help the system on smaller computer and pre defined and also effective as those commonly nominate on the larger mainframe system.The OCC fully endorses and supports placing these principles in writing to improve effective communications throughout the organ ization.Improving Weakness of Information System Risk.1.2) Key Elements of Information SystemTo work properly and effectively the five key elements should be checked and functioned are time lines, accuracy, consistency, completeness and relevance.TimelinessInformation system should be capable of providing distributing information to right users. Information system is capable of providing short and long reports of information.Information system also helps in processing, collecting and producing results from data.It also help in making correction, adjustments in errors found in data.AccuracyInformation System provides control checks in editing balancing.All the external internal scrutinize programs done by organization provides the adequacy of internal control.ConsistencyAll the data should be process consistently and uniformly. Variations in data be sedate and reported to information analyst. Because data collection and reporting process change over time management must establish procedures to allow systems changes. All the procedures should be documented, willdefind and clearly communicated to all related employees and should include proper effective monitoring system.CompletenessAll the data and information provided by information system to management level should be complete and checked by all accepts.RelevanceAll the information must be relevant to organization objectives and strategies. Information that is unnecessary or too detailed should be sorted out.2) Information System as BridgeInformation system provides us bridge amid management information science and computer science.Computer science provides information technology software.Information system brings all human activities and information technology to one place and it provides communication link between these two worlds.The system well serves the people and organization by using all the IT capabilities.To run this system properly it requires specialist people having knowledge of both computer world and organization and the people who using these systems.All the system should work with in the contexts of organization, management and the information society.To build a bridge like this between the information organization and people we need skills in programming, computer architecture and networks.Also we need techniques for information system analytic thinking design by using all advance data base design methods and related professional and legal knowledge.3) Level Types of Information SystemsEvery business has different information system needs. It also depends upon different levels in organization. Three key information systems are action processing systemManagement Information SystemDecision Support SystemsThe importance of information is different on different level of management.The information can categorise as strategic, managerial and operational information.The information used by senior management for decision making is Strategic information. The lower levels i n the organization do not require this information. The information systems that gave information for decision is known as Decision Support Systems.Figure Relation of information systems to levels of organizationThe information used by the middle line of management is known as managerial information. The information used by middle line management help in making short-term decisions and plans for the organization. Information likes sales compend or production details for the whole year. Information system is now days the necessity of all organizations to fulfil all the managerial activates. Due to its Importance, most of the big organizations have separate IS departments. Whose duty is to watch the use and proper functioning of the system.For daily and short term information we need third level of information. It help the operational level to carry out day to day operational activates. it also help in attendance record of employees.Information System gives information for processin g transaction of the organization, that type of information system is known as Transaction Processing System or Data Processing System. For example information provided by such systems are processing of orders, evaluating overdue purchaser orders of marketing and sales departments..3. a) Transaction Processing SystemsTransaction Processing System the organization in there business transaction process. Any activity of the organizations can be called Transaction. Every organization has different transaction. For example, take a airline reservation system. Booking, cancelling, etc are all transactions. However, there are some transactions, which are common to almost all organizations.These include calculation, storage and retrieval.Speed and accuracy, can be achieved by TPS and can be programmed to follow routines functions of the organization.3. b) Information SystemManagement takes help in solving problems and making decisions from it. They use transaction processing information and all relevant information also. It process queries as quickly as they arrive. An important element of IS is database.A database is a collection of data items that can be processed through application programs and available to many users.3. c) Decision Support SystemThese systems help senior management in making long term decisions. With the help of this systems we can handle unstructured or semi structured both decisions. A decision will be unstructured if there are no clear procedures for making the decision.A decision support system must be easy to operate and also it should be pliable for all users so that they can produce reports by giving data and it should be format according to the situation explained.4) Level of Management System4 .a) Operational-level Management SystemThis system helps the operational managers by keeping track of the all necessary activities and transactions of the organization. This system is answerable for the routine questions. It provides help in sal es, receipts, cash deposits, payroll, credit decisions, and flow of materials.4 .b) Knowledge-level Management SystemSupport knowledge and data workers in an organisation. The reason of these systems is to help the organisation discover, organise and compound new and existing knowledge in to the business, and to help control the flow of paperwork. These systems, especially in the form of collaboration tools, workstations, and office systems, are the fastest maturation applications in business today.4 .c) Management-level SystemsAt this level it helps in monitoring, controlling, decision-making, and administrative activities of middle managers. We can get periodic reports rather then information on operation. it also helps in non-routine decision-making, focusing on less-structured decisions for which information requirements are not always clear.4 .d) Strategic-level Management SystemHelp senior management how to keep control and tack actions on strategic issues and long-term tr ends, wither it in the organization or related to external environment.Main reason is to use organisational potentiality with the changes, and opportunities, occurring in the medium to long term in the external environment.An organisation must have operational, knowledge, management and strategic level systems for each useable orbital cavity within the organisation. This would be based on the management model adopted by the organisation, so, while the most commonly-adopted systems structure would simply follow the standard functional model, structures reflecting bureaucratic, product and matrix models are also possible.As identified before, enterprise level information systems attempt to encompass the whole organisation in one system.Type of systemsExecutive support System (ESS)Strategic- Level System5 yearsSales trend forecasting5 yearsOperation Plan5 yearsBudget forecastingProfit PlanningMan power PlanningManagement Information system (MIS)Decision Support System (DSS)Managemen t Level SystemSales ManagementInventory controlAnnual BudgetingCapital investment psycho synopsisRelocation analysisSalas region Analysis achievement computer programingCost analysisPricing/ProfitabilityAnalysisContract cost AnalysingKnowledge work system (KWS)Office Automation System (OAS)Knowledge Level SystemEngineering WorkstationGraphic work stationManagerial WorkstationWord ProcessingDocument ImagingElectronic CalendarTransaction processing System (TPS)Operation Level SystemMachine ControlSecurity TradingPayrollCompensationOrder TrackingPlant SchedulingAcc PayableTraining DevelopmentOrder ProcessingMaterial Movement ControlCash ManagementAcc ReceivableEmployee record KeepingSales marketingManufacturingFinanceAccountingHuman ResourceCharacteristic Of Information Processing SystemType of SystemInformation InputsProcessingInformation OutputsUsersESSAggregate dataInternal, externalGraphics simulations interactiveProjections responses to queriesSenior managersDSSLow Volume data or massive database optimised for data analysis analytic models and data toolsInteractive simulations, analysisSpecial reports decision analysis response to queriesProfessionals staff ManagerMISSummary transaction data high-volume data simple modelsRoutine reports Simple models low-level analysisSummary exception reportsMiddle managersKWSDesign circumstantialations Knowledge baseModelling simulationsModels graphicsProfessionals Technical staffOASDocuments SchedulesDocument management Scheduling CommunicationDocuments schedules mailsclerical WorkersTPSTransactions eventsSorting Listing Merging UpdatingDetailed reports lists summariesOperations personnel supervisors5) Working of Management Systems5.a) Operational-level ManagementTransaction-Processing SystemsBasic business system practise daily routine transactions necessary for business functions.All the tasks, resources and goals are highly structured at operational level.Generally, five functional categories are identified, as shown in the diagram.Type of TPS SystemSales/Marketing SystemManufacturing/Production SystemsFinance/Accounting systemHuman Resource SystemOther Types(e.g. , University)major(ip) Functions of SystemSales ManagementMarket researchPromotionPricingNew ProductsSchedulingPurchasing institutionaliseping/receivingEngineeringOperationsBudgetingGeneral scriptBillingCost accountingPersonal recordsBenefitsCompensationLabour relationsTrainingAdmissionsGrade recordsCourse recordsAlumniMajor application SystemsSales order information systemMarket research systemPricing systemMaterials resourcePlanning systemsPurchase orderControl SystemsEngineering SystemsQuality Control SystemGeneral ledgerAcc Receivables/PayableBudgetingFunds management systemsPayrollEmployee recordsBenefit systemCareer Path systemRegistration System,Student Transcript System, curriculum Class control System,Alumni benefactor system5 .b) Knowledge-level ManagementOffice Automation SystemsTargeted at meeting the knowledge needs of data workers within the organisationData workers tend to process rather than create information. Primarily involved in information use, manipulation or dissemination.Typical OAS handle and manage documents, computer programing and communication.Knowledge Work SystemsTargeted at meeting the knowledge needs of knowledge workers within the organisationIn general, knowledge workers hold degree-level professional qualifications (e.g. engineers, scientists, lawyers), their jobs consist in general in creating new information and knowledge5 .c) Management-level SystemsManagement Information SystemsTypically these systems focus entirely on internal events, providing the information for short-term formulation and decision making.MIS summarise and report on the basic trading operations of the organisation, dependent on the underlying TPS for their data.Transaction Processing SystemOrder fileProductionMaster FileAccounting FileOrder processing SystemMaterial resource planning systemGene ra Ledger SystemManagement Information SystemManagerMIS FilesSales DataUnit ProductCost DataProduct ChangeDataExpanses DataMISReport5 .d) Strategic-level ManagementDecision-Support SystemsAs MIS, these serve the needs of the management level of the organisationFocus on helping managers make decisions that are semi-structured, unique, or rapidly changing, and not slow specified in advanceUse internal information from TPS and MIS, but also information from external sourcesMust provide user-friendly, interactive tools.Fuel habit cost filePort Expenses FileShip Charter Hire History Cost FilePort distance Restriction FileShip File (e.g speed capacity)Analytical Model Data BasePCGraphicsReportsExecutive Support Information SystemsServe the strategic level of the organisationIt provides generalised computing and communications environment, rather than providing any fixed application or specific capability. Such systems are not designed to solve specific problems, but to tackle a changin g array of problemsIt is structured to incorporate data about external events, such as new tax laws or competitors, and also draw summarised information from internal MIS and DSSThese systems filter, compress, and track critical data, emphasising the reduction of time and effort required to obtain information useful to executive managementIt employ advanced graphics software to provide highly visual and easy-to-use representations of complex information and current trends, but they tend not to provide analytical modelsKnowledge System(KWS OAS)Management System(MIS)Transaction Processing System(TPS)Management System(DSS)Executive Support System (ESS)Inter-relationships and inter-dependencies between IS types victory Story of one of organization (Air Asia)Using Information SystemAir Asia Airline Company that entered a formerly hunting market with great success. just the ticket less impressAutomation with ITReduced costsImproved serviceAir Asia developed open skies software to automa te ticket handling toAvoids travel agents and their feesUses reservation agents who work from home using VoIPEncourages internet flight booking by customersMaintenance information system used to log airplane part and time cycles for replacementAir Asia used innovative technique for routing airplanesDoes not use hub and spokes method only point to point.Takes most profitable route between cities.Keeping flight manuals on laptop computers allows for paperless cockpits.Saves pre-flight time associated with calculating weight of plane (annual savings of 4800 hours).Information System Helps Air Asia offer Better Services. synthetic rubber FirstPartnering with worlds most renowned maintenance providers and complying with the world airline operations.High Aircraft UtilizationImplementing the regions fastest turn around time at only 25 minutes, assuring lower costs and higher productivity.Low Fare, No FrillsProviding guests with the choice of customizing services without compromising on qu ality and services.Streamline operationsMaking sure that processes are as simple as possible.Point-to-Point NetworkApplying the point-to-point network keeps operations simple and cost low.7) ConclusionsEvery organization run on it strategies. And strategies make by management on the basis of the information they have.So I think if the organization have strong information system and it have up-to-date information then the strategies which they are going to make for future will be perfect and it will gave the organization competitive edge in market and on it competitors